When I started using git (several years ago) I use only git command line. After a few years I decided to start using SourceTree. I regret this decision to this day :). The problem is that you can’t do a lot of things. Another big problem is that when you change your develop environment where you can’t install SourceTree (e.g. remote via SSH) you are “lost”. Because there aren’t that many git command (that you should be using on a daily basis) there is no good reason that you should’t learn them.
So here are some git commands that I use frequently.
git checkout LOCAL_OR_REMOTE_BRANCH # switches to local or remote branch // "UNDO" COMMANDS git reset # undo add files git checkout . # discard all changes git checkout dir/file # discard changes in dir or specific file git clean -f # delete all untracked files // COMMIT COMMANDS: git commit --amend # append commit changes to the last commit. This is VERY useful. e.g. you forgot to add some file or did some minor mistake. git rebase -i HEAD~6 # this will get last 6 commits and you will be able to modify the commits // LIST COMMANDS git branch # list of local branches git remote -v # list remotes // DIFF commands git diff --name-status master..BRANCH # shows a list of files that were changed git diff --stat --color master..BRANCH # shows a list of files that were changed. More detailed view git diff master..BRANCH # you can cycle through changes git diff commit_id HEAD # shows difference between current version and `commit_id` version
If you are working on some branch but the master is several commits ahead you can use rebase to add local changes on top. Here is detailed workflow:
git fetch origin # get fresh version of origin master git rebase origin/master # merge origin/master into your curr branch and add local changes on top # IF CONFLICTS: # reslove conflicts & git add git rebase --continue
Git general workflow:
git pull git checkout -b BRANCH_NAME // do your work... git commit git checkout master git merge BRANCH_NAME git push
“Github” workflow (i.e. creating pull-request):
git pull git checkout -b BRANCH_NAME // do your work... git commit git push origin BRANCH_NAME
The main difference between general git workflow and github workflow is that on github you (should) always create pull-request. So after you push your branch to remote origin (line 5) you go to this github repository select your new branch and click on that green button “New pull request” (see Image 1).
Very useful command is also `revert`. If you already merged your branch into master (which is protected) and you wish to “undo” you can do the folowing.
git revert SHA
SHA is the branch ID that you wish to undo. You can read more about undoing, fixing, etc here: link
NOTE: there are probably a lot more things you should know so I strongly suggest that you use “uncle Google” 🙂 (also there are several great YouTube videos you can watch if you are an absolute beginner).
Reset tree to original commit and use rebase not merge:
git reset --hard d27dce5129715f3c32aed376eeca348d142f5398 # initial commit git fetch -p git rebase origin/master # fix merge conflicts (this is not merge, wording is a bit confusing) git rebase --continue git cherry-pick dac0848faf4219058b59dce8deb80084ade74828 # Update alembic script down_revision. fix merge conflicts (this is not merge, wording is a bit confusing) etc git push...
Force “git pull” to overwrite local files:
git fetch --all git reset --hard origin/<branch_name>
git fetch
fetch downloads the latest from remote without trying to merge or rebase anything.
Then the git reset
resets the master branch to what you just fetched. The --hard
option changes all the files in your working tree to match the files in origin/master (Source: link)
Changing the timestamp of a previous Git commit:
git filter-branch --env-filter \ "if test \$GIT_COMMIT = '06387f3c078f9f36dc4074d90550eb0b11013607' then export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='Thu Apr 5 19:54:26 2018 +0200' export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE='Thu Apr 5 19:54:26 2018 +0200' fi" && rm -fr "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/refs/original/"
Some additional reading:
- A really good post about git rebase: link